{"id":2342,"date":"2020-11-07T16:31:24","date_gmt":"2020-11-07T15:31:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.looketmedecine.com\/?p=2342"},"modified":"2024-10-05T00:00:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T22:00:10","slug":"questions-about-appearance-general-considerations-on-surgery-and-aesthetic-medicine-pr-jean-paul-meningaud-md-phd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/looketmedecine.fr\/en\/questions-about-appearance-general-considerations-on-surgery-and-aesthetic-medicine-pr-jean-paul-meningaud-md-phd\/","title":{"rendered":"LM N\u00b01\/2020. Questions about appearance. General considerations on surgery and aesthetic medicine. Pr Jean-Paul Meningaud, MD, PhD."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Questions about appearance. <\/span><\/h2>

General considerations on surgery and aesthetic medicine<\/span>.<\/span><\/h2>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Pr Jean-Paul Meningaud, MD, PhD<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>

Professor, Head of the Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery. Director of the outpatient surgery department of Henri Mondor Hospital (Paris Hospitals).<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Introduction<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>

During the course of my medical and cosmetic surgery teaching, I am asked many questions about appearance.<\/h4>

They are always relevant.<\/h4>

Here are the ones that come to mind.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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What is the relationship between the demand <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>

for rejuvenation and beautification?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>

In cosmetic surgery, we distinguish schematically:<\/h2>

      1. silhouette surgery,<\/h4><\/li>

      2. surgery of the face,<\/h4><\/li>

      3. embellishment surgery<\/h4><\/li>

      4. rejuvenation surgery.<\/h4><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>

        This distinction highlights the goal pursued, but in practice these four categories overlap.<\/h4>

        Silhouette surgery :<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>

        It includes for a very large part a surgery \u00ab\u00a0in decrease\u00a0\u00bb:<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>

          1. The treatment of the after-effects of weight loss<\/h4><\/li>

          2. The treatment of horse breeches,<\/h4><\/li>

          3. Ptosis and breast hypertrophy,<\/h4><\/li>

          4. Sequelae of pregnancy.<\/h4><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>

            Excess tissue will have to be removed and the remaining tissue will have to be fitted to recreate the desired shape. These are most often patients who are overweight or have been overweight. As a rule, the subjects concerned are generally \u201cgood life\u2019s lovers\u201d. The goal is beautification, directly or through clothing, but in practice a slim silhouette always appears younger.<\/h4>

            There may also be \u00ab\u00a0increasing\u00a0\u00bb demands:<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>

              1. Such as breast prostheses,<\/h4><\/li>

              2. or, more rarely, buttock or calf prostheses.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/h4><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>

                Surgery of the face :<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>

                It poses very different problems because it concerns the identity that the person wishes to display.<\/h4>

                Obviously, human beings recognize themselves by their face.<\/h4>

                A person requesting facial cosmetic surgery pursues the desire to display increased attractiveness or a younger age.<\/h4>

                Attractiveness can be increased by improving the proportions of the face.<\/h4>

                In practice, the key point of attractiveness lies in the middle third of the face.<\/h4>

                – The most classical interventions of facial cosmetic surgery are:<\/h4>

                  1. Rhinoplasty,<\/h4><\/li>

                  2. Eyelid surgery or blepharoplasty,<\/h4><\/li>

                  3. The facelift,<\/h4><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>

                    – But there are also more sophisticated interventions concerning:<\/h4>

                      1. The cheekbones,<\/h4><\/li>

                      2. The chin,<\/h4><\/li>

                      3. \u00a0The shape of the eyes,<\/h4><\/li>

                      4. The shape of the jaws and especially the angles.<\/h4><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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                        Are there criteria that do not evolve?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>

                        – There are general criteria of beauty that do not seem to have changed since antiquity. Aristotle (385-323 B.C.) already evoked symmetry, precision and harmony in proportions (in various passages of Metaphysics, but also of Poetics).<\/em><\/h4>

                        – Numerous studies in experimental psychology have confirmed the relevance of these criteria. [1]. Grammer K et al Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: the role of symmetry and averageness. J Comp Psychol. 1994;108(3):233-242. <\/em><\/h4>

                        – Thus, if a sample of 100 randomly selected people are presented with two photographs, one with a roughly symmetrical face and the other with the same face ostensibly asymmetrical, the vast majority will consider the symmetrical face to be more beautiful<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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                        \u00a0Can we put a price on beauty?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>
                        \u00a0<\/span><\/div>